![]() Fence-like brush weirs would be used to maneuver floodwater into a ditch that led to the Hohokam’s fields. With an elaborate system of irrigation canals, the Hohokam watered crops such as squash, agave, beans, and corn. Aridity made them reliant on water sources such as the Salt and Gila rivers. To survive in the desert, the Hohokam developed sophisticated farming practices. The jewelry is usually made from shells or other materials that can be traced back to the Gulf of California. Archaeologists have also found jewelry at Hohokam culture sites. Hohokam ceramics are distinguishable by the geometric, animal, and human forms that decorate the pottery. The stone or ceramic piece would be placed on the interior of the clay while the paddle would be used to strike the clay surface on its corresponding exterior surface. The paddle-and-anvil technique employed a paddle and a stone or another ceramic surface to help shape the clay. The Hohokam peoples used the paddle-and-anvil method to create their red or buff colored ceramics. A ceramic’s color and the method used to make it can indicate which culture produced the piece. ![]() The ceramics that were produced during this period are regionally differentiated. As the name suggests, this time period is distinguished by the mass production of pottery. ![]() Hohokam culture has been traced back to what archaeologists have named the Ceramic Period, which is believed to have begun circa 200 A.D. Regardless, the Tohono O’odham, Hia C’ed O’odham, and the Akimel O’odham tribes still claim the Hohokam as their ancestors. Some scholars favor the descendant theory, while others believe that a hiatus occurred in between the ancient Hohokam occupation of the region and that of the more recent tribes. There is disagreement among social scientists as to whether or not the modern Tohono O’odham, Hia C’ed O’odham, and the Akimel O’odham descend from the Hohokam culture. Developing a chronology for the Hohokam has proven quite a difficult task for scholars. Anthropologists and archaeologists use culture areas to differentiate geographical regions based on cultural similarities. Remnants of the Hohokam culture are found in the Southwest Culture Area. The Patayan were ancestral to the Yavapai, Hualapai, and Havasupai people in the upland regions, and to the Yuman-speaking peoples of western Arizona and southern California, including the Cocopa, Quechan, and Mojave.The Hohokam were a prehistoric people, who lived in the southern desert regions of what is now Arizona. ![]() 1300, Patayan people expanded east into the upland areas of the western Arizona deserts – areas abandoned by the Prescott and Cohonina peoples around the same time or a bit earlier. The Patayan people are probably best known for the desert intaglios and geoglyphs – immense geometric shapes, animal, and human figures etched into the desert pavement or formed of arranged stones on the surface.Īlong the Lower Gila River, Patayan peoples maintained ties with their neighbors, the Hohokam, participating to some extent in the Hohokam culture.Īfter A.D. Yuman oral traditions, for example, tell of ancestral population movements between Lake Cahuilla (the modern Salton Sea) and the Colorado River, likely related to periods of lake fill and recession. Although farmers to an extent, Patayan peoples apparently maintained a rather mobile lifestyle. Patayan peoples were floodwater farmers, hunter-gatherers, and fishers. The word Patayan is a Hualapai word meaning “old people,” and is the term used by archaeologists to discuss the archaeological culture centered on the Colorado River region of Arizona, southeastern California, and southern Nevada – the hottest and driest region of the Southwest – from about A.D. Petroglyphs in Grapevine Canyon, Lake Mead National Recreation Area.
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